Preparation of self-standing ultra-thin three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks by interfacial polymerization for dye separation

Abstract

Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) have garnered considerable attention in the adsorption of small molecules owing to their unique 3D pore structure and easily modifiable functional group sites. However, most 3D COFs exhibit lattice interpenetration, making the membrane fabrication process difficult. Most 3D COFs are prepared as powders using solvothermal methods, which severely limits their application in material separation. Therefore, self-supporting 3D COFs membranes were fabricated using room-temperature interfacial polymerization, a low-energy method. Traditional alkane/water interfacial polymerization methods have disadvantages such as poor water solubility of the monomer, volatile solvents, and low crystallinity. Herein, an imine-linked, self-standing, 3D COFs membrane with an ultrathin layer was engineered at the alkane/ionic liquid interface. Owing to the improved crystalline structure, which exposed a large number of imine-linked sites within a 3D pore channel, the constructed 3D COFs membrane exhibited a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1061.4 m2·g−1 and high water flux of approximately 76 L·m−2 h−1 bar−1 and demonstrated excellent rejection rates of 97.76% and 95.36% for two cationic dyes, rhodamine B and methylene blue, respectively. The membrane exhibited high rejection rates after seven testing cycles. This study reveals the great potential of self-standing 3D COFs membranes as dye separation.