Abstract
Metronidazole (MD) is known as a periodontitis medicine and has been widely used in antibiotics for resistance to anaerobic bacteria, periodontal disease, and other threats. To treat diseases, drug delivery carriers are needed with a high bioadhesive property and enhanced drug penetration. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel films have a good bioadhesive property and are able to localize the absorption site and increase the drug residence time. In this study, we fabricated a MD loaded PAA hydrogel with different MD content (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt%) using varying doses (25, 50, and 75 kGy) and the radiation doses (25, 50, or 75 kGy) in a one-step gamma-ray irradiation process. The chemical and physical structure were determined through a Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gel content, and compressive strength. In addition, MD loaded PAA hydrogels were performed to MD release behaviors and cytotoxicity. Finally, we conducted antibacterial activity to demonstrate the prevention of growth of bacteria as a therapeutic dressing. The basic chemical structure analysis of MD was changed greatly at radiation doses of 50 and 75 kGy due to degradation by gamma-ray irradiation. However, when the absorbed dose was 25 kGy, the chemical structure analysis of MD did not change significantly, and the gel content and compressive strength of MD/PAA hydrogel were approximately 80% and 130 kPa, respectively. The MD/PAA hydrogels exhibited no cytotoxicity and good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. These results provide good evidence that MD/PAA hydrogel prepared by gamma-ray irradiation has potential as a competitive candidate for the therapeutic dressing.
Highlights
Metronidazole (MD) is nitroimodazole compound that has been widely used for treating infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and otitis media [1,2,3,4,5]
We investigated the characteristics of an MD containing PAA hydrogel film (MD/PAA) patch as therapeutic dressing for inhibiting the proliferation of various bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans))
PAA and 0.1MD/PAA hydrogels did not show anti-bacterial activity against S. mutans; MD/PAA with increased MD content (0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt%) exhibited observable large inhibition zones. These results indicate that a radiation dose
Summary
Metronidazole (MD) is nitroimodazole compound that has been widely used for treating infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and otitis media [1,2,3,4,5]. The nitro group of MD is activated by nitroreductases such as ferredoxin in the body. A high antibacterial property is indicated by disturbed DNA division and nucleic acid synthesis, which could be due to destruction of the helical structure of bacterial DNA [6]. The method of administering MD includes an oral administration. Oral administration has disadvantages in that a large amount of a drug taken internally disappears during the processes of degradation and absorption [7]. Drugs are taken in more than necessary (to kill the bacteria) to keep an effective concentration in the blood, which causes various side effects
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