Preparation of PolyHIPE Scaffolds for 3D Cell Culture and the Application in Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke.

Peijian Sun,Xuehui Sun,Guozheng Li,Song Yang,Cong Nie,Yipeng Wang,Ruyang Li,Yunzhen Jia,Pingping Shang,Haiying Tian,Xiaobing Zhang

doi:10.3390/polym11060959

Peijian Sun, Xuehui Sun + Show 9 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11060959

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Journal: Polymers	Publication Date: Jun 2, 2019
Citations: 8	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute

Abstract

Polystyrene-based polyHIPE (polymerized high internal phase emulsion) materials were prepared by the copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the continuous phase of a HIPE. The resultant polyHIPE materials were found to have an open-cellular morphology and high porosity, and the polyHIPE structure could be well adjusted by varying the water/oil (W/O) ratio and the amount of emulsifier in the HIPE. Cell culture results showed that the resultant polyHIPE materials, which exhibited larger voids and connected windows as well as high porosity, could promote cell proliferation on the 3D scaffold. A 3D cell cytotoxicity evaluation system was constructed with the polystyrene-based polyHIPE materials as scaffolds and the cigarette smoke cytotoxicity was evaluated. Results showed that the smoke cytotoxicity against A549 cells is much lower in the 3D cell platform compared to the traditional 2D system, showing the great potential of the polyHIPE scaffolds for 3D cell culture and the cytotoxic evaluation of cigarette smoke.

Highlights

Cigarette smoke, which is an extremely complex aerosol stream consisting of more than 5000 identified chemicals, is well-recognized as one of the most important causes of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease [1,2]
Polystyrene-based polyHIPE materials were prepared by the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating method
The 3D cell culture and cell proliferation results showed that the pore structure of the polystyrene-based polyHIPE could be well adjusted by varying the W/O ratio and the emulsifier amount

Summary

Introduction

Cigarette smoke, which is an extremely complex aerosol stream consisting of more than 5000 identified chemicals, is well-recognized as one of the most important causes of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease [1,2]. A variety of in vitro cytotoxicity assays, such as the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, as well as Ames Salmonella reverse mutagenicity assay and in vitro micronucleus test have been applied to evaluate the potential health risks and harmful effects of cigarette smoke [3,4,5,6,7]. The total particulate matter (TPM) of smoke, cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), gas vapor phase (GVP) and/or the whole smoke (WS) were exposed to the cells in vitro in order to study the smoking-induced cellular effects [3,4,5,6,7]. The in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TPM with reduced toxicant yields were evaluated by the NRU assay, Ames Salmonella reverse mutagenicity assay and in vitro micronucleus test [6].

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