Abstract
Functional carbon materials have been developed and applied in various sewage treatment applications in recent years. This article reports the fabrication, characterization, and application of a new kind of poly (allylthiourea-co-acrylic acid) (PAT–PAC) hydrogel-based carbon monolith. The results indicated that the poly acrylic acid component can endow the PAT–PAC hydrogel with an increased swelling ratio and enhanced thermal stability. During the carbonization process, O–H, N–H, C=N, and –COO– groups, etc. were found to be partly decomposed, leading to the conjugated C=C double bonds produced and the clear red shift of C=O bonds. Particularly, it was found that this shift was accelerated under higher carbonization temperature, which ultimately resulted in the complex conjugated C=C network with oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms doped in-situ. The as-obtained carbon monoliths showed good removal capacity for Ni(II) ions, organic solvents, and dyes, respectively. Further analysis indicated that the Ni(II) ion adsorption process could be well described by pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models under our experimental conditions, respectively. The adsorption capacity for Ni(II) ions and paraffin oil was as high as 557 mg/g and 1.75 g/g, respectively. More importantly, the as-obtained carbon monoliths can be recycled and reused for Ni(II) ions, acetone, and paraffin oil removal. In conclusion, the proposed PAT–PAC-based carbonaceous monoliths are superior adsorbents for wastewater treatment.
Highlights
In the last several decades, both accelerated industrialization and urbanization, producing a great deal of effluent with heavy metal ions, organic solvents, and dyes, has posed a great challenge to human health and ecological balance [1]
We found that the crosslinked poly allylthiourea (PAT) hydrogel was very fragile
Poly (PAT–poly acrylic acid (PAC)) hydrogels could be used for carbonaceous monolith fabrication
Summary
In the last several decades, both accelerated industrialization and urbanization, producing a great deal of effluent with heavy metal ions, organic solvents, and dyes, has posed a great challenge to human health and ecological balance [1]. Those pollutants are extremely toxic to the ecosystem even at very low concentrations [2]. Various methods have been developed to remove heavy metal ions, organic solvents, and dyes from industrial wastewaters, including ion exchange [3], precipitation, adsorption, membrane separation [4], filtration [5], sedimentation, chemical oxidation, and so on. Adsorption has been found to be an efficient way to achieve effective separation due to its economic viability, simplicity, and high efficiency [6].
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