Abstract
Biomass-derived porous carbon has received increasing attention as an energy storage device due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacture, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. In this work, phosphorus-doped porous carbon was prepared from biomass sawdust (carbon source) and a small amount of phosphoric acid (P-doping source and gas expanding agent) by one-step carbonization. For comparison, parallel studies without phosphate treatment were performed under the same conditions. Benefiting from the addition of phosphoric acid, the prepared carbon material has higher carbon yield, higher specific area and micropore volume. Due to the heteroatom doping of P in the carbon material, the optimized PC-900 sample not only exhibits high specific capacitances of 292 F g−1 and 169.4 F g−1 at current densities of 0.1 A g−1 and 0.5 A g−1, respectively, but also excellent cycle longevity (98.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles) in 1 M H2SO4. In addition, the supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 10.6 W h kg−1 when the power density is 224.8 W kg−1 at a discharge current density of 0.5 A g−1. This work proposes a sustainable strategy to reuse waste biomass in high-performance and green supercapacitors for advanced energy storage equipment.
Highlights
We developed a simple method for preparing P-doped porous carbon for electrode materials of supercapacitors, using sawdust and a small amount of phosphoric acid as raw materials
Preparation and characterization of phosphorus-doped porous carbon Carbon yield is a key factor in the preparation of porous carbon materials using various biomass derivatives
This paper used a small amount of phosphoric acid to impregnate naturally rich biomass sawdust as a carbon precursor and prepare phosphorus-doped porous carbon by a one-step carbonization process
Summary
Due to global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels, the production of low-cost, renewable and environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage systems has become very signi cant.[1,2] With the characteristics of high power density, high charge and discharge efficiency, and long cycle life, electrochemical capacitors (EC) are considered as one of the advanced energy storage systems, playing a crucial role in bridging the gap between dielectric capacitors and traditional batteries.[3,4,5] Due to its high speci c surface area, pore size, high physicochemical stability, electrochemical performance, and wettability, carbonbased porous materials, including carbon nanotubes,[6] graphene,[7,8] activated carbon,[9] and carbide-derived carbon[10] have been used extensively for electrode materials. We developed a simple method for preparing P-doped porous carbon for electrode materials of supercapacitors, using sawdust and a small amount of phosphoric acid as raw materials.
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