Abstract
The direct preparation of para-aminophenol (PAP) from nitrobenzene (NB) through Bamberger rearrangement was studied in a biphasic medium using a mixture of NbOx/SiO2 and H2SO4 as an acid catalyst. After optimization of the reaction parameters, PAP was obtained with 85–88% selectivity that represents a 10% selectivity improvement compared to sulfuric acid alone. The optimized conditions were implemented in a scale-up reaction, and PAP was isolated in 84% yield (based on the recovered starting material) with 97% HPLC purity. Overall, this process requires less sulfuric acid than the traditional process, leading to a drastic reduction of the saline waste.
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