Preparation of O/W nano-emulsion containing nettle and fenugreek extract and cumin essential oil for evaluating antidiabetic properties

Sara Javadi,Negar Motakef Kazemi,Raheleh Halabian

doi:10.1186/s41120-021-00046-x

Abstract

The oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsion (NE) is expanded to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds. The NE can be prepared by herbal extract and essential oil as herbal medicines for antidiabetic treatment. In the present study, the O/W NE was prepared by fenugreek extract (FE), nettle extract (NE), and cumin essential oil (CEO) using tween 80 and span 80 surfactants in an ultrasonic bath, at room temperature within 18 min. The antidiabetic property was evaluated by determining glucose absorption using cultured rat L6 myoblast cell line (L6) myotubes and insulin secretion using the cultured mouse pancreatic beta-cell (RIN-5) for NEs. The samples were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to examine the size distribution and size, zeta potential for the charge determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate morphology and size. The rheological properties were studied by viscosity. The sample stability was evaluated at different temperatures and days by DLS and SEM analyses. The cytotoxicity of samples was explored by MTT assay for HEK293 human cell line as a specific cell line originally derived from human embryonic kidney cells at three different concentrations for three periods of time. The NEs with nanometer-size were observed with antidiabetic properties, low cytotoxicity, and suitable stability. This study provides definitive evidence for the NE as a plant medicine with antidiabetic properties. The NE can be a good candidate for biomedical applications.

Highlights

Diabetes refers to a rise in glaucous blood levels because of insulin deficiency or malfunction (Modak et al, 2007)
The optimum sample had a single-peak with a narrow distribution on nanometer-scale including cumin essential oil (CEO) (4% w/w), fenugreek aqueous extract (FAE) (95% w/w), and span 80 (1% w/w) for Fenugreek nanoemulsion (FN) and CEO (4% w/w), nettle aqueous extract (NAE) (95% w/w), and tween 80 (1% w/w) for NN
The results of the optimal percentage were similar to the previous study for different herbal nano-emulsion (Feizi Langaroudi & Motakef, 2019)

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes refers to a rise in glaucous blood levels because of insulin deficiency or malfunction (Modak et al, 2007). Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide (Kazi, 2014). Diabetes disease is on the rise globally (Mukesh & Namita, 2013). Uncontrolled diabetes will cause an increase in the risk of some other diseases; it is vital to control and treat it Nanotechnology has developed in different fields because of its extensive practical benefits (Ataei et al, 2020; Motakef Kazemi & Sandalnia, 2020). Nanomaterials have potential uses due to their small size and high surface area (Jeevanandam et al, 2018; Motakef Kazemi et al, 2020). Emulsions and nanoemulsions (NE) have attracted much interest as drug delivery systems and gene therapy (Zeinali et al, 2020)

Methods

Results

Conclusion