Preparation of novel porous calcium silicate scaffold loaded by celecoxib drug using freeze drying technique: Fabrication, characterization and simulation

Abstract

Abstract In the current investigation, the microarchitecture of bio-nanocomposite scaffold, which is fabricated by natural synthetic diopside and composed of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), is considered. The MNPs are tested with various weight fractions (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) and are manufactured by the freeze-drying technique using sodium alginate as base matrix for the first time. Due to the limitation of the mechanical properties of calcium phosphates (CaPs) and bioactive glasses (BG), clinical usage of calcium silicate ceramics (CSC) are greatly affected. Therefore, CSCs are produced with the incorporation of metal oxides into the base binary xCaO-ySiO2, as well as the substitution of calcium ions. Furthermore, mechanical and biological properties of CSCs are enhanced, which are a result of the ability to give out bioactive ions and their distinct compositions. After that, the porous bio-nanocomposite scaffolds are investigated for biological and mechanical properties corresponding to hardness versus elastic modulus, apatite formation versus biodegradation rate, wetting properties versus roughness and electrical conductivity of the sample. Then, the composition, microstructure, and physical characteristics are also examined using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which is equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The obtained outcomes show that addition of diopside bioceramic enhances the mechanical and physical properties of the samples. It is shown that the prepared porous bio-nanocomposite scaffolds, containing 10 wt% MNPs, represents a better agreement in serving as a bone graft for the cancer disease treatment and hyperthermia term. The results indicate that the specimen with 10 wt% MNPs in the bio-nanocomposite release the celecoxib drug easier, however, its has better porosity and mechanical behavior that make it suitable candidate for bone implantations.