Preparation of nanoporous carbon microspheres by subcritical water carbonization and electrocapacitive study

Abstract

In this work, sugar-derived carbon microspheres (CMSs) with diameters in the range of 5–10μm and uniform nanopores were prepared using the subcritical water carbonization method, followed by microwave-assisted KOH activation. The carbonization was conducted at 3MPa and moderate temperatures (150–170°C) in subcritical water, which is a green dehydrating agent. The formation of the CMSs from a sugar solution under subcritical water conditions followed a radical-catalysed emulsion polymerization mechanism. The specific surface area and pore volume of the CMSs were found to increase with increasing the mass ratio of KOH over carbon up to 1:1. Electrocapacitive results showed that a sample prepared at a KOH to carbon ratio of 1:1 and microwave irradiation level of 70% possessed the highest specific capacitance (about 179.2F/g) at a current density of 1A/g and excellent cycling performance over 1000 charging/discharging cycles without significantly loss in capacitance. The specific capacitance and capacitive retention of this electrode are comparable to that of an electrode prepared from commercial YP-80F activated carbon.