Preparation of N doped TiO2 via microwave-assisted method and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of Malathion

Abstract

We report herein, nitrogen doped TiO2 nanostructure synthesized by simple microwave assisted method, where ammonia was used as hydrolyzing agent. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) which demonstrated that N-doped TiO2 is in anatase phase with average crystallite size of 10nm. Doping of N into the lattice of TiO2 was supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), CHNS analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) showed shifting of absorption edge toward the visible region. Thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis (TGA–DTA) points out N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles are thermally stable. In order to achieve maximum degradation efficiency, the effect of catalyst loading, pH and light sources (UV and sunlight) were studied. A maximum 97% degradation efficiency was achieved under optimized conditions. A 80% reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed after 150min that indicated mineralization of Malathion. The cytotoxicological studies indicate that photocatalytically degraded products were less toxic as compared to Malathion.