Abstract
The specific aim of this work was to prepare mucoadhesive patches containing tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol in an attempt to develop a novel oral drug delivery system for the treatment of mouth infections. The bilayered patches were prepared using ethyl cellulose as a backing layer and carbopol 934 as a matrix mucoadhesive layer. Patches were prepared with different loading amounts of tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol. The antimicrobial activity was assessed for the prepared patches using the disc-diffusion method against the yeast Candida albicans and five bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus bronchispti. In this work, we highlighted the possibility of occurrence of a synergistic action between carvacrol and tetracycline. The best formulation was selected based on microbiological tests, drug release, ex-vivo mucoadhesive performance, and swelling index. Physical characteristics of the selected formulations were determined. These included pH, patch thickness, weight uniformity, content uniformity, folding endurance, and patch stability.
Highlights
Oral diseases are a health problem in immuno-suppressed patients around the world since the oral cavity provides a diverse environment for colonization by a wide variety of microorganisms [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The results showed that discs containing carvacrol alone [F2–F7] showed excellent activity against Candida albicans in amounts ≥40 μg/disc [F3], while discs containing tetracycline alone [F8–F13] did not show any activity against this microorganism [Mean inhibition zone diameter (MID) = zero]
Either tetracycline alone or carvacrol alone was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and both of them did not show any activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [MID < 10 mm]
Summary
Oral diseases are a health problem in immuno-suppressed patients around the world since the oral cavity provides a diverse environment for colonization by a wide variety of microorganisms [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Antibiotic combinations may produce desirable synergistic effects in the treatment of infections [11, 12] Essential oils, such as oregano oil, have been shown to be useful as antimicrobial and antifungal agents; competing pharmaceutical antibiotics such as streptomycin and penicillin and antifungal agents such as nystatin and amphotericin have been proved to be effective in their ability to eliminate microbes [12]. All this has been accomplished without promoting the development of drug-resistant strains and other problems often attributed to the use of standard antibiotics. It is speculated that a higher mucoadhesive strength of the delivery system
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