Preparation of Monomodal Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles of PDADMAC/Poly(Maleic Acid-alt-α-methylstyrene) by Consecutive Centrifugation

Abstract

We report on the refinement of anionic and cationic nanoparticles of nonstoichometric polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) by consecutive centrifugation, which was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), colloid titration and infrared spectroscopy (IR). PEC dispersions were prepared by mixing poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and sodium poly(maleic acid-alt-alpha-methylstyrene) (PMA-MS) at the monomolar mixing ratio of n-/n+ = 1.50 (anionic PEC) and 0.66 (cationic PEC), respectively, and the polymer concentration of c(POL) = 0.002 M. The particle size (Rh), titrable charge amount, and IR spectra were determined for both dispersions in the original state, after the first centrifugation and after the second centrifugation. Freshly prepared PEC dispersions contained two different particle sizes: around 10-25 nm (small particles) and around 100 nm (large particles). Consecutive centrifugation of freshly prepared PEC dispersions resulted in the separation of highly charged excess polyelectrolyte (PEL) and small PEC particles from a low charged coacervate phase of the desired larger PEC particles. After the second centrifugation, the coacervate phase of both dispersions PEC-1.50 and PEC-0.66 consisted of monomodal particles sizing around 100 nm. These results were supported by AFM measurements on the respective dispersions deposited on glass plates. PEC-1.50 particles tended to adopt slightly smaller sizes ( approximately 90 nm) in comparison to PEC-0.66 ones (approximately 110 nm). No significant influence of the PDADMAC molecular weight on the particle size was found. IR spectroscopy showed changes in the environment of the carboxylate groups of PMA-MS by consecutive centrifugation. The centrifuged PEC-1.50 dispersions showed remarkable long-term stability over more than a year. The high macroscopic stability of the studied PEC dispersions is presumably due to repulsive electrostatic interparticle interactions and attractive hydrophobic intraparticle interaction. The introduced monomodal PEC particles might be projected as latex analogues or as nanocarriers for drugs and proteins.