Abstract

Molecularly imprinted mesoporous materials (MIMs) were synthesized to improve the adsorption performance of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) by using an imidazolium-based amphiphilic ionic liquid 1-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C18MIMCl) as surfactant in aqueous solution via the epitope imprinting approach. The surface-exposed C-terminus nonapeptide of Cyt c (residues 96–104, AYLKKATNE) was utilized as the imprinted template. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy verified the successful preparation of MIMs with ordered mesoporous structure. The adsorption isotherm studies showed that the obtained MIMs exhibited superior adsorption capacity toward Cyt c of 86.47 mg·g−1 because of the high specific surface areas of 824 m2·g−1, and the appropriate pore size promoted the mass transfer of Cyt c, causing a rapid adsorption equilibrium within 20 min. Furthermore, these MIMs still remained excellent selectivity and recognition ability according to the selective as well as the competitive adsorption studies, suggesting that the molecularly imprinted mesoporous materials is expected to be used in the field of highly efficient separation and enrichment of proteins.

Highlights

  • Along with the wide development of bioseparetion, biosensing or biomedical materials, the separation and identification of proteins have drawn great attention recently [1]

  • In order to explore the suitable pore size for recognition Cytochrome c (Cyt c), three kinds of ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized as surfactants to prepare three mesoporous silica nanoparticle materials (MSNs), which were 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C8 MIMCl)-MSNs, 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C14 MIMCl)-MSNs, and 1-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C18 MIMCl)-MSNs, respectively

  • The detailed synthesis process of C8 MIMCl, C14 MIMCl, and Cn MIMCl-MSNs were explained in supplementary materials

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Summary

Introduction

Along with the wide development of bioseparetion, biosensing or biomedical materials, the separation and identification of proteins have drawn great attention recently [1]. The researchers have shown that ILs with an imidazolium cation as the polar group could provide multiple interactions in immobilizing template molecules [23,24,25], which ensured the adsorption capacity of MIPs. Recently, our group reported an interfacial molecularly imprinted microspheres by using imidazolium-based amphiphilic ionic liquid (IL) as emulsifier and suggested that the amphiphilic IL could immobilize protein at the liquid-water interface by intermolecular forces [26]. Taking into consideration the potential of ILs to adjust mesopore diameter and provide multiple interactions, designing an imidazolium-based amphiphilic IL as surfactant would improve the adsorption performance of MIPs. Based on the above reasons, in order to improve the adsorption performance of MIPs, molecularly imprinted mesoporous materials (MIMs) were synthesized to enrich and detect Cytochrome c (Cyt c) by using the surface-exposed C-terminal fragment of Cyt c (AYLKKATNE) as template. The adsorption properties, specific recognition ability, and reusability of MIMs for Cyt c were systematically investigated

Materials
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Ionic Liquid C18 MIMCl
Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Mesoporous Materials
Characterization
Isothermal Rebinding and Dynamic Adsorption
Selectivity and Competitive Adsorption Experiments
Reusability Experiments
The Effect of Alkyl Chain Length of ILs on Mesoporous Diameter
Preparation and Characterization of MIMs and NIMs
Adsorption
Selectivity Study
Competitive
Comparison of Imprinting Methods for Cyt C
Reusability
Conclusions

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