Abstract
Micro-nano composite material was prepared to adsorb Hg(II) ions via the co-precipitation method. Oyster shell (OS), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and humic acid (HA) were used as the raw materials. The adhesion of nanoparticles to OS displayed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the appearance of the (311) plane of standard Fe3O4 derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the transformation of pore sizes to 50 nm and 20 μm by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) jointly revealed the successful grafting of HA-functionalized Fe3O4 onto the oyster shell surface. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) results showed superparamagnetic properties of the novel adsorbent. The adsorption mechanism was investigated based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques, which showed the process of physicochemical adsorption while mercury was adsorbed as Hg(II). The effects of pH (3–7), initial solution concentration (2.5–30 mg·L−1), and contact time (0–5 h) on the adsorption of Hg(II) ions were studied in detail. The experimental data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm equation (R2 = 0.991) and were shown to follow a pseudo-second-order reaction model (R2 = 0.998). The maximum adsorption capacity of Hg(II) was shown to be 141.57 mg·g−1. In addition, this new adsorbent exhibited excellent selectivity.
Highlights
Mercury pollution is considered a pervasive problem in atmospheric, aquatic, and edaphic systems
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of Oyster shell (OS) and OS/Fe3O4/humic acid (HA) are shown in Figure 1a,b, respectively
The characteristic reflections of the (221), (210), and (213) planes corresponding to γ-Fe2O3 were absent, which indicates that the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles had a high purity [28,29]
Summary
Mercury pollution is considered a pervasive problem in atmospheric, aquatic, and edaphic systems. As the main branch of mercury removal, material adsorption has its unique superiorities, including advanced treatment even at low concentration levels and environmentally friendly properties. We fabricated a low-cost adsorbent via co-precipitation and used oyster shell as a carrier to load humic acid-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The study first synthesized a novel material composed of oyster shell, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and humic acid, which showed extraordinary capacity and selectivity in mercury adsorption and helped the reuse of kitchen waste. This material may provide a novel route to pre-concentrate or separate Hg(II) ions in the chlor-alkali process and play an important role in environmental remediation
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