Abstract
In this work, a magnetic ion imprinted polymer (MIIP) with specific recognition capability toward cadmium was prepared by a sol–gel method using waste beer yeast, which is a macromolecule biomass, as a functional monomer. The obtained Cd(ii)-MIIP was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and adsorption experiments. Then, a MIIP adsorbent based magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE)-graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) method was established to analyze the cadmium content in food and environmental samples. The maximum cadmium adsorption capacities by the MIIP and magnetic non-imprinted polymer (MNIP) were 62.74 and 32.38 mg g−1, respectively. The absorption by the MIIP was fitted using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Cd(ii)-MIIP demonstrated superior absorption capability for selective removal cadmium. The recovery rate of the MIIP was 90.7% after four adsorption–desorption cycles. The calculated Cd(ii) detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.18 μg L−1 with the relative standard deviation (RSD) equal to ∼3.5% for 10 μg L−1 of Cd(ii) standard solution. Our proposed method was successfully used in detecting Cd(ii) in aqueous samples. The results obtained in this work suggest that the Cd(ii)-MIIPs might be promising adsorbents to remove harmful cadmium ions from aqueous samples.
Highlights
Heavy metals as an important type of environmental contaminant should be typically removed due to toxicity
This can be attributed to the small, round magnetic ion imprinted polymer (MIIP) obtained by sol–gel procedure, which led the waste beer yeast to agglomerate
Morphological features of MIIP fabricated by sol–gel method using waste beer yeast as the functional monomer were obviously different from traditional baking yeast modi ed by nanoFe3O4 using glutaraldehyde cross-linking agent.[32]
Summary
Heavy metals as an important type of environmental contaminant should be typically removed due to toxicity. Cd(II) is considered to be among the most toxic heavy metal environmental pollutants.[1] The presence of Cd(II) in food samples may occur for different reasons, such as heavy metals in natural water and/or soil or in plants that are subsequently eaten by animals.[2] For these reasons, it is necessary to detect the Cd(II) concentration and remove it from water and food samples. Adsorption is considered among most effective and valid method for heavy metal removal from aqueous samples. A large variety of different adsorbents were synthesized for Cd(II) removal from natural and waste waters.[3] Recently, the use of modi ed graphene[4] and metal–organic frameworks[5] as such an adsorbent became popular because of their high stability and surface area. Magnetic silica particles (e.g. Fe3O4@SiO2) have been attracting great attention for their magnetic features and excellent chemical and hydrothermal stability.[6,7] Adsorbents combining with Fe3O4@SiO2 have been used in magnetic
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