Abstract
Thermal batteries (TBs) are ideal power sources for high temperature environment due to their high specific energy, long storage time, and quick activation. However, the common molten salt electrolytes (MSE) suffer from overflow under overload or high spin state, which could lead to short circuit of the batteries. To address this issue, LiLaZrMO (LLZMO, M = Ga/Al) doped with different elements are prepared. The doping elements result in the phase change of LiLaZrO (LLZO) from tetragonal to cubic, alters the distribution of Li atoms and increases the ion transport bottleneck sizes. In particular, LiLaZrGaO (LLZGO) has the lowest activation energy (0.3 eV) and the highest total conductivity (2.57 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 500 °C) owing to the larger bottleneck and unique Li+ transport channel. TB with LLZGO provides the highest discharge specific capacity of 368.5 mAh g−1 and lowest internal resistance (0.23 Ω cm−2). Compared with the ones using LiF–LiCl–LiBr MSE, TB with LLZGO solid electrolyte (SE) also shows superior performance in pulse discharge capabilities due to the stable internal resistance as well as the fluctuation free characteristics. Therefore, LLZGO SE holds great potential as viable alternative to MSEs in TBs.
Published Version
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