Abstract
Cellulose, as one of the most abundant natural biopolymers, has been widely used in textile industry. However, owing to its drawbacks of flammability and ignitability, the large-scale commercial application of neat cellulose is limited. This study investigated some TEMPO-oxidized cellulose (TOC) which was prepared by selective TEMPO-mediated oxidation and ion exchange. The prepared TOC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and solid-state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal stability and combustion performance of TOC were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis (TG), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). The results demonstrated that the thermal stability of TOC was less than that of the pristine material cellulose, but the peak of heat release rate (pHHR) and the total heat release (THR) of all TOC were significantly reduced. Additionally, the LOI values of all TOC products were much higher 25%. In summary, the above results indicated that the modified cellulose with carboxyl groups and metal ions by selective oxidation and ion exchange endows efficient flame retardancy.
Highlights
Cellulose, the most abundant renewable polysaccharide on Earth, has safe, biocompatible, hydrophilic, and biodegradable natures, and is one of the best candidates for textile and other functional materials
The C6 primary hydroxyl group of cellulose can be electively oxidized to a carboxyl group by TEMPO-mediated oxidation system, and further various metal ions are introduced in the polymers by ion-exchange method
The thermal stabilities of the prepared TEMPO-oxidized cellulose (TOC) were significantly reduced after modification because of the increase of carboxyl groups and the addition of metal ions during the oxidation and ion- exchange due to the decrease in crystallinity of TOC
Summary
The most abundant renewable polysaccharide on Earth, has safe, biocompatible, hydrophilic, and biodegradable natures, and is one of the best candidates for textile and other functional materials. Many flame retardants which contained halogen, phosphorous, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, boron, and aluminum have been studied to endow cellulose with highly efficient flame-retardant property [4,5,6,7]. These flame retardants can effectively enhance the flame-retardancy of textile, some have been shown to be hazardous for human health and the ecological environment. It is necessary to Molecules 2019, 24, 1947; doi:10.3390/molecules24101947 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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