Abstract
In this work, the infiltration technique was used to produce hydrogen electrodes for solid oxide cells. Different infiltration methodologies were tested in order to try to shorten the infiltration cycle time. The porous scaffolds used for infiltration were based on highly porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) obtained by etching the reduced nickel from the Ni-YSZ cermet in HNO3 acid. The support had a complex structure which included a ~130 µm porous functional layer with small pores and a ~320 µm thick supporting layer with large pores. Infiltrations have been carried out using aqueous nickel nitrate solutions. Various infiltration procedures were used, differing in temperature/time profiles. The results show that slow evaporation is crucial for obtaining a homogeneous material distribution leading to high-quality samples. A longer evaporation time promotes the proper distribution of nickel throughout the porous scaffold. The shortening of the heat treatment procedure leads to blockage of the pores and not-uniform nickel distribution.
Highlights
Nowadays, when the demand for electricity is constantly increasing, an alternative solution to currently existing energy sources is being sought
The current state of the art hydrogen electrodes is formed by advanced gradient structures with different pore sizes, which alter the infiltration procedure/results
The details about the infiltration procedures are often overlooked in the literature
Summary
Nowadays, when the demand for electricity is constantly increasing, an alternative solution to currently existing energy sources is being sought. SOFCs convert chemical energy into electricity when working at high temperature, usually 700–1000 ◦ C. This temperature should be reduced [3]. The fuel cell should work for a very long time without the need to replace components [4]. It consists of a fuel electrode, an oxygen electrode and an electrolyte, but often it is necessary to add a diffusion layer between oxygen electrode and electrolyte for better performance [5]. A porous cermet made of nickel oxide as electron conductor and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as an ionic conductor is widely used. Cermet is a system with good catalytic and mechanical properties, especially when used together with the YSZ electrolyte
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