Abstract
Gardenia red pigment, also referred to genipin red, is a natural food colorant used in the food industry. It is produced by the reaction of amino acids with genipin, the aglycon of geniposide acid (GPA) and geniposide, which is abundant in the by-products of gardenia yellow production. However, due to the high content of impurities, gardenia red pigment production shows low color value and purity, which limits its application. In this study, the preparation and purification of gardenia red pigments using by-products of gardenia yellow production as raw materials were investigated. Purified geniposidic acid and genipin were obtained and reacted with His to give gardenia red. After optimization, gardenia red with high color value (117) and purity (91.1%) was obtained. Furthermore, the in vitro biological functional assays suggested that gardenia red pigments showed high antineoplastic activity with H1299, A375 and MCF-7 cancer cells. This study has developed an optimized preparation process and shown potential functions of gardenia red.
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