Preparation of Doxycycline Hydrochloride Guided Tissue Regeneration/Guided Bone Regeneration Membranes Through Electrostatic Spinning for the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis

Abstract

Objective: The nanofibre membrane with the antibacterial doxycycline (DOX) intermediate layer can direct tissue regeneration and have antibacterial properties. Through the use of electrospinning, we were able to create DOX-loaded guided tissue regeneration (GTR)/guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes and assess their efficacy in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: Electrostatic spinning was used to create DOX-containing poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibres, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the membranes’ surface morphology. Results: The synthesised DOX-PCL nanofibres were found to have a smooth surface and a uniform diameter distribution, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. When the percentage of DOX was raised from 15% to 25%, the fibre diameter shrank from 247.17 nm to 181.34 nm. According to differential calorimetry, the heat absorption peaks for the pre-electrospun PCL and 10% PCL electrospun membranes were most pronounced at 66 °C, while the peaks for the DOX powder showed at 171.5 °C. With the shift in drug loading, carbonization occurred at 223.5 degrees Celsius. PCL underwent a thermal reaction between 60 and 66 degrees Celsius. However, medication loading was strongly correlated with the level of suppression. Agar diffusion results showed that DOX-loaded nanofibre membranes inhibited the growth of Actinomyces (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis; for both bacterial species, the diameter of the inhibition zone grew larger when more drug was added to the membranes. After 1 hour, 4 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days of the experiment, the cumulative drug release rates of CL+DOX were 19.14%, 36.16%, 44.37%, 59.52%, and 65.150%, respectively. After the initial steep drop during the first three days of the trial, the PCL-DOX release rate stabilised at around 1.61 percent per hour. Minimum concentration was 3.13 g/mL, while PCL-DOX release rate fell from 1.28 percent on Day 4 to 0.51 percent on Day 28. Conclusion: Combining the availability of natural polymeric materials with the reliability of manufactured polymeric materials, the three-layer nanofibre membranes use PCL-GE as a double surface layer and PCL-DOX as an intermediate layer. In addition, the physical insulating qualities of these membranes are maintained, which allows the fibre membrane to perform a sustained antibacterial action and prevents the initial, abrupt release of the medication in the tissue. Peri-implantitis may be treatable with the use of both pharmaceuticals and GTR/GBR technology.