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Abstract
Silver nanowire films are good candidates to be used as transparent conductive films that could be widely utilized in organic photoelectronic devices such as polymer solar cells. However, their application is usually limited, as they are mainly used as top electrode materials; otherwise, they would be prone to complex transferring processes. In this study, we successfully prepared device-level ZnO-covered silver nanowire (AgNWs/ZnO) films. ZnO was prepared by a spray pyrolysis method using zinc-ammonia solution at a relatively low temperature (95°C). The films showed good adhesive properties to the glass substrate, considering it withstood the process of applying polyimide tapes on the surface and tearing them off more than 100 times. It also exhibited good conductivity (∼24 Ω/sq) with high transmittance in the visible range (>80%). After a simple polish and patterning, AgNWs/ZnO showed a good performance as a sub-electrode for polymer solar cells. The PM6:Y6 devices achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 8.37% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.81 V, a short-circuit current density of 18.18 mA/cm2, and a yield of 81.25%. This indicates that the technology has a good prospect of large-scale fabrication of organic photoelectronic devices.
Highlights
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have gained much interest due to their lightweight, flexibility, and the possibility to fabricate them by solution-processing methods at a low cost (Zheng et al, 2018; Song and Bo, 2019; Cui et al, 2020)
Using transfer-free silver AgNWs/ZnO films, we achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.7% for the well-known PM6:Y6 solar cells, indicating that they have a good prospect of large-scale solar cell fabrication
We found that all the devices without ZnO or with ZnO of less than 30 nm thicknesses were almost completely ineffective, and even the best PCE was lower than 0.1%
Summary
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have gained much interest due to their lightweight, flexibility, and the possibility to fabricate them by solution-processing methods at a low cost (Zheng et al, 2018; Song and Bo, 2019; Cui et al, 2020). An obvious disadvantage of the films prepared by this method is the difficult post-patterning, which is not applicable on a large scale and for the fabrication of devices with complex structure. We developed a solution-based method to prepare AgNWs/ZnO films as as possible that can adhere well to a substrate with a smooth surface. We successfully achieved this by spray coating ZnO on AgNWs films using a zinc-ammonia solution at 95°C that we discussed previously (Cheng et al, 2016; Zhao and Cheng, 2016). Using transfer-free silver AgNWs/ZnO films, we achieved a high PCE of 8.7% for the well-known PM6:Y6 solar cells, indicating that they have a good prospect of large-scale solar cell fabrication
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