Preparation of Cu–Ni–Pt Nano-Cube and Its Application for the Detection of Nanobacteria on Influences of Flexible Ureteroscopy Lithotomy and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy on Immune Function of Patients with Renal Calculus

Abstract

This work aimed to find a surgical method suitable for the clinical treatment of renal calculus, and to find a new type of nanomaterial suitable for the detection of nanobacteria. In this paper, Cu–Ni–Pt nano cube was preparation, then the combination of peptidoglycan and Pt–Ni–Cu–NCs was verified. Through continuous surface treatment and continuous modification, an electrochemical biosensor for detecting the content of nanobacteria in the body of renal calculus patients was successfully constructed. 85 patients with renal calculus were d Randomly divided into two groups, percutaneous nephrolithotomy group (PCNL group, 43 patients) and ureteroscope lithotomy (URL group, 42 patients). The venous blood was collected to test tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 levels. Flow cytometry was employed to detect CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte levels. A biosensor for the detection of nanobacteria was constructed based on peptidoglycan and Cu–Ni–Pt nano cubes (Pt–Ni–Cu–NCs), and applied to the detection of nanobacteria in the blood and urine of patients after surgery. It was found that the detection range of the constructed nanobacteria detection sensor was 1.3×102~1.5×108 CFU/mL, which had a good linear relationship. Moreover, within 30 minutes, the detection of nanobacteria in blood and urine was achieved, and a broad-spectrum detection was achieved. In contrast to PCNL group, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and CD8+ were significantly lower in the URL group (P < 0.05). The detection rates of nanobacteria in blood and urine in PCNL group were 10% and 11.2%, respectively; those of URL group were 6.8% and 5.9%, respectively. Detected by the biosensor, the nanobacteria content was lower after URL treatment, and the immune function was at a higher level, which was more conducive to postoperative recovery.