Abstract
Objective: The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker and to study the effect of chitosan polymeric properties and experimental conditions on the properties and stability of NPs.Methods: CS NPs were prepared by ionic gelation method, using TPP as a crosslinker. The particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP) and the morphologies of the NPs were studied. CS NPs prepared by varying the concentration of TPP, Chitosan molecular weight and its degree of deacetylation, the stirring speed, the rate of TPP addition and the freeze-drying method to study the effect of these variables on the NPs. The stability of the CS NPs was evaluated by storing aqueous suspensions of NPs and comparing the PS, PDI and ZP at the beginning and the end of the experiment.Results: This study shows that the PS, ZP and dispersity of the NPs depend on the chitosan polymeric properties and experimental conditions. The NPs sizes range between 145.73 and 724.23 nm. They all carried positive charges ranging between+4.32 and+43.67 mV. Most of the NPs have the same sizes after freeze-drying, but showed higher monodispersity and ZP, indicating higher stability. After twenty days of studying the stability, the NPs that had low ZP showed a large increment in size in comparison to the highly charged NPs.Conclusion: In conclusion, the polymeric properties and formulation variables in the ionic gelation method have a great influence on the CS NPs formed.
Highlights
Chitosan (CS) is a polysaccharide that is used widely in pharmaceutical and biomedical preparations due to its unique biological properties
Preparation of different degrees of deacetylation (DDA) and molecular weights of chitosan The molecular weight and DDA of the chitosan purchased from sigma were determined and found to be 51.7±3.20 kDa and 75.01±1.34 %, respectively
The NPs are more monodispersed at higher TPP concentrations, stirring rates, chitosan molecular weights or TPP flow rates, but they show no relation to chitosan DDA
Summary
Chitosan (CS) is a polysaccharide that is used widely in pharmaceutical and biomedical preparations due to its unique biological properties. It is a safe, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer. It has been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for wound dressing [1]. Chitosan is a basic polysaccharide with a pKa around 6.5, it is only dissolved in an acidic condition. Such acidic conditions may affect the chitosan toxicity on cells, especially if it is going to be applied for long times [2, 3]
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