Preparation of chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/Ag NPs: A potent and green bio-nanocomposite for the treatment of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in rats

Abstract

• CS/NaLS/Ag NPs have antioxidant potentials. • CS/NaLS/Ag NPs have non-cytotoxicity effects. • The results of the CS/NaLS/Ag NPs have revealed that the recent nanocomposite has been formulated as the best. • The treatment of osteoporosis by CS/NaLS/Ag NPs was proven in the recent study. In this study we report the green synthesis of nontoxic, stable, and small size silver nanoparticle by using chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate hydrogel with capping/reducing ability for the synthesis of CS/NaLS/Ag NPs. The prepared bio-nanocomposite were characterized by advanced physicochemical techniques like Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) study. It has been established that CS/NaLS/Ag NPs have a spherical shape with a mean diameter from 20 to 30 nm. Administration of CS/NaLS/Ag NPs (5 µg/kg/day, po, for 30 days) and risedronate (20 µg/kg, sc, five times a week for 30 days) following methyl prednisolone sodium succinate (10 mg/kg, sc, thrice a week for 4 weeks) induced osteoporosis in Wistar rats showed an increase in the serum levels of bone mineral content markers and a decrease in serum and urinary levels of bone resorption markers. An incline in strength of femur and tibia was seen particularly with 5 µg/kg of CS/NaLS/Ag NPs. Maintenance of calcium homeostasis, formation of collagen and scavenging of free radicals can plausibly be the mode of action of CS/NaLS/Ag NPs thereby combating osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoids.