Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly is one of the most widely applied biomaterial coatings for applications from surface modification, drug delivery, tissue engineering to biomimetic extracellular environment. In this research, we propose a simple layer-wise spin coating technique to prepare chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid (C/PGA) polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) on two different biomedical metals, 316L stainless steel (316LSS) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). The multilayer coating was fabricated using oppositely charged chitosan and poly--glutamic acid to deposit a total of 10, 20, or 30 multilayered films. Afterward, tetracycline was loaded by soaking the coated metals for 12 hours. The microstructure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and drug release rate were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurement, MG63 cell viability and inhibition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth. Lastly, MG63 cell attachment was detected by fluorescence microscopy after staining with Hoechst 33258. This coating technique can prepare a layer of 2.2–6.9 m C/PGA PEMs favoring cell attachment and growth. Moreover, tetracycline was released from C/PGA PEMs and inhibited the growth of E. coli. The results suggest that C/PGA PEMs provide a useful platform for modulating the micro-environment for better cell adhesion and antibiotic delivery, which hold great potential for surface modification and drug loading for biomimetic materials.
Highlights
For biomaterials functioning as main structure of implants, the mechanical and physical properties are the primary consideration for the selection of materials; the hard and bio-incompatible surface can inhibit the normal growth of human tissues [1], such as cell attachment and inhomogeneous growth due to surface roughness [2], and the usability of most structural materials is limited, especially for long-term clinical applications
The biocompatibility of the polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) was evaluated by the cell viability and attachment of MG63 cells while the antibacterial property of loaded tetracycline was studied by the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
chitosan/poly-γ-glutamic acid (C/poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA)) Coating Morphology and Thickness different layers of coating on Ti6Al4V and 316L stainless steel (316LSS) are labelled as Ti-nL and S-nL, which n equals to 10, 20 or 30and layers
Summary
For biomaterials functioning as main structure of implants, the mechanical and physical properties are the primary consideration for the selection of materials; the hard and bio-incompatible surface can inhibit the normal growth of human tissues [1], such as cell attachment and inhomogeneous growth due to surface roughness [2], and the usability of most structural materials is limited, especially for long-term clinical applications. Due to its solubility in acidic solution by forming the −NH2 functional group, chitosan is a natural cationic polymer [14], and it has been widely used as antibacterial agents, wound dressing materials, drug carriers and in plastic surgery due to its excellent biodegradable ability [15,16]. Another polymer chosen for this study is poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA), which is a natural, non-toxic, highly biocompatible and edible polymer; it is often used in the food and medicine industries [17,18]. The biocompatibility of the PEMs was evaluated by the cell viability and attachment of MG63 cells while the antibacterial property of loaded tetracycline was studied by the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
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