Abstract
Due to their high specific surface and metal-binding functional groups in their crosslinked polymeric networks, monolithic materials incorporating a porous structure have been considered one of the most efficient kinds of adsorbents for rare earth element recovery. Herein, a facile and novel monolithic multi-porous carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite was synthesized by free radical polymerization via green vegetable oil-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsion (O/W Pickering-MIPEs), which was synergically stabilized by attapulgite and tween-20. The homogenizer rotation speed and time were investigated to form stable Pickering-MIPEs. The effects of different types of oil phase on the formation of Pickering-MIPEs were investigated with stability tests and rheological characterization. The structure and composition of the porous material when prepared with eight kinds of vegetable oil were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The results indicate that the obtained materials, which have abundant interconnected porosity, are comparable to those fabricated with Pickering-HIPE templates. The adsorption experiment demonstrated that the prepared materials have a fast capture rate and high adsorption capacities for Ce(III) and Gd(III), respectively. The saturation adsorption capacities for Ce(III) and Gd(III) are 205.48 and 216.73 mg/g, respectively, which can be reached within 30 min. Moreover, the monolithic materials exhibit excellent regeneration ability and reusability. This work provides a feasible and eco-friendly pathway for the construction of a multi-porous adsorbent for adsorption and separation applications.
Highlights
The eco-friendly O/W Pickering MIPEs were formed by using vegetable oil as the dispersion phase and ATP and T-20 as the stabilizer after vigorous stirring for the designed time
The results indicate that the Pickering MIPEs prepared in this study exhibit wide applicability and can be prepared from various kinds of vegetable oils
A convenient, economical, and environmentally friendly strategy was developed for the preparation of interconnected porous adsorbent of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-g-PAM/ATP with vegetable oil-in-water Pickering-MIPE templates that was stabilized by raw ATP and a trace amount of T-20
Summary
Rare earth elements (REE) are critical components in special functional materials for industrial applications as well as in cutting-edge technology fields, such as biomedical engineering, information storage, communications, wind turbines, spaceflight, nuclear energy, and military applications (Saravanan et al, 2013; Ogata et al, 2015; Anastopoulos et al, 2016; Rajendran et al, 2016; Zhao et al, 2016, 2019; Wang et al, 2017a). The soft template method is a common method of constructing materials with ordered and disordered porous matrices (Jiaxi et al, 2015) In this method, oil-in-water Pickering high internal phase emulsions (O/W Pickering HIPEs) containing more than 74% internal phase is considered the most effective pathway for the preparation of hydrogels with well-defined porosity (Zhu et al, 2016a,b). Oil-in-water Pickering high internal phase emulsions (O/W Pickering HIPEs) containing more than 74% internal phase is considered the most effective pathway for the preparation of hydrogels with well-defined porosity (Zhu et al, 2016a,b) This technology involves the polymerization of monomers in the continuous phase and the removal of the dispersed phase, which could create a solid foam material (polyHIPE) with an interconnected porous structure (Ma et al, 2014; Oh et al, 2014). A Leica DM1000 digital biological microscope equipped with a built-in camera was used to record optical microscopy images of the Pickering-MIPEs
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