Abstract
Carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared using rice straw (RS) waste, and the effects of carbonization temperature and sulfonation temperature on the catalytic activity were investigated. The properties of the catalysts were characterized using thermo gravimetric (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their activities were investigated through the hydration of α-pinene. The conversion of α-pinene and the selectivity of α-terpineol reached 67.60% and 57.07% at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure in 24 h, respectively. The high catalytic capacity of the catalyst is attributed to the high acid site density and high porosity of the catalyst. TPD analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the catalyst produced by low-temperature carbonization at 300 °C followed by low-temperature sulfonation at 80 °C had abundant strong acid sites (0.82 mmol/g), which can effectively inhibit the side reactions of hydrated α-pinene. The total acidity reached 2.87 mmol/g. N2-physisorption analysis clearly indicated that the obtained catalysts were mesopore-predominant materials, and the SBET and VTotal of catalysts reached 420.9 m2/g and 4.048 cm3/g, respectively. Preparation of the catalyst involves low energy consumption, and its cheap raw materials make the whole process simple, economical, and environmentally friendly.
Highlights
Turpentine is a valuable and renewable natural resource widely used in the medical industry [1].It is easy to obtain by the distillation of pine sap
The ultra-stable Y zeolite catalysts showed increased activity and selectivity to α-terpineol because of the gradual improvement in the number of Lewis acidity sites. They successfully carried out the preparation of α-terpineol over composite polydimethylsiloxane membranes filled with beta zeolites or sulfonated active carbon, resulting in good selectivity (70%–75% at 90% conversion) [6,7]. These results demonstrated that solid acid catalysts were successful for the hydration of α-pinene
The production process route of α-terpineol provided in this paper develops a new way for the use of the emissions of rice straw waste
Summary
Turpentine is a valuable and renewable natural resource widely used in the medical industry [1]. They successfully carried out the preparation of α-terpineol over composite polydimethylsiloxane membranes filled with beta zeolites or sulfonated active carbon, resulting in good selectivity (70%–75% at 90% conversion) [6,7] These results demonstrated that solid acid catalysts were successful for the hydration of α-pinene. The incomplete carbonization of waste rice straw will be used as support to prepare biomass carbon-based solid acid catalyst through low-temperature sulfonation with concentrated. The abundant strong acid sites (0.82 mmol/g) of carbon-based solid acid catalyst, which develops a new way for the use of agricultural waste and the production of α-terpineol. The catalysts were characterized, and the effect of sulfonation and carbonization temperature on the biomass carbon-based solid acid can effectively reduce the emissions of rice straw waste It is helpful catalytic activity was explored. The catalysts were characterized, and the effect of sulfonation and carbonization temperature on the catalytic activity was explored
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