Abstract
CaO-SiO2glass-ceramic spheres were prepared by an electrospray method using hydrolyzed silicon alkoxide containing calcium nitrate. Crystalline calcium silicates, such as Ca2SiO4andβ-CaSiO3, formed around the surface of the spheres after heat treatment. The dissolution of the crystal phase of the spheres caused the release of Ca2+and Si4+ions during the initial stage of soaking in Tris-buffer solution, leading to the formation of nanosized pores at the sphere surface. The incorporation of Ca2+ions into the glassy phase of the spheres suppressed the rapid pH increase during the initial stage of soaking in Tris-buffer solution.
Highlights
Interest has arisen in the biomaterials field in a new approach that considers the biological interaction between synthetic materials and cells [1,2,3]
The dissolution behavior of crystalline calcium silicates must be controlled. To improve their chemical instability, the substitution of other elements, such as strontium and zinc, into their structure has been proposed in combination with calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, which exhibit slower degradability [6,7,8]
It has been already reported that β-CaSiO3 is synthesized by heat treatment of gel-derived materials at 1000∘C using TEOS and hydrated calcium nitrate as starting materials in a solvent of diluted nitric acid or sodium hydroxide solution [18], which agrees with the results of the present work
Summary
Interest has arisen in the biomaterials field in a new approach that considers the biological interaction between synthetic materials and cells [1,2,3]. Silicate and calcium ions released from Bioglass were reported to stimulate bone formation on the material via gene activation [4]. Crystalline calcium silicates, such as wollastonite (CaSiO3), show high degradability [5]. They show a tendency to increase in alkalinity due to their dissolution, resulting in the induction of an inflammatory reaction at an early stage after implantation. The dissolution behavior of crystalline calcium silicates must be controlled. To improve their chemical instability, the substitution of other elements, such as strontium and zinc, into their structure has been proposed in combination with calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, which exhibit slower degradability [6,7,8]
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