Abstract
Copper slag and stainless steel slag of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) are two typical metallurgical solid wastes, which contain a large number of valuables, such as Fe, Cr, and Cu. The transition metal elements in the waste slags, such as Cr and Fe, can be recycled as the coloring ions in the black ceramic tile. In this study, the Fe/Cr molar ratio in the raw materials of copper slag and stainless steel slag was adjusted, and the black ceramic tile was subsequently prepared by sintering. The results show that the optimum process parameters for the preparation of black ceramic tiles are the Fe/Cr molar ratio of 2.0, the sintering temperature of 1150 °C, and the sintering time of 30 min. The compressive strength of the black ceramic tile at optimum sintering conditions exceeds the minimum compressive strength of the Chinese national standard for standard polished tiles, and the concentrations of harmful elements, for example, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Zn, Pb, and Cr(VI) are within the regulation thresholds specified by the Chinese national standard.
Highlights
According to the U.S Geological Survey (USGS), the total global mine production of copper in 2018 was 21,000 thousand metric tons [1]
Copper slag and Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) stainless steel slag are rich in oxides of SiO2, Al2 O3, Fe2 O3, and Cr2 O3, and can be potentially prepared black ceramic tiles directly
The effects of the process parameters such as Fe/Cr molar ratio, sintering temperature and sintering time on the microstructure, phase composition, coloration performance and compressive strength of the ceramic tile were studied in order to provide theoretical and experimental basis for the harmless and value-added application of copper slag and stainless steel slag of EAF
Summary
According to the U.S Geological Survey (USGS), the total global mine production of copper in 2018 was 21,000 thousand metric tons [1]. By selecting the appropriate process parameters, Co-free black ceramic tiles with good performance can be prepared with industrial by-products, such as steel slag and dust, vanadium tailing, and copper slag. Copper slag and EAF stainless steel slag are rich in oxides of SiO2 , Al2 O3 , Fe2 O3 , and Cr2 O3 , and can be potentially prepared black ceramic tiles directly This can reduce energy consumption and production costs, and reduce the environmental hazards of heavy metals in the slag and recycle the valuable metals in the slag. The effects of the process parameters such as Fe/Cr molar ratio, sintering temperature and sintering time on the microstructure, phase composition, coloration performance and compressive strength of the ceramic tile were studied in order to provide theoretical and experimental basis for the harmless and value-added application of copper slag and stainless steel slag of EAF
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