Preparation of Bio-Inert Carbon Nanofiber Scaffold and Its Effect of Postoperative Injury Nursing and Repair of Bone Tissue

Abstract

In this research, the characteristics of the bioactive glass (AG) and bio-inert carbon nanofibers (Cnano) in the bone formation was explored. The AG was prepared by sol–gel and combined with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by electrospinning. Then, Cnano loaded with AG nanoparticles was prepared by carbonization. During the preparation process, the material supply ratio of the sol–gel precursor was changed to obtain 3 nanofiber scaffold materials (Canno/AG_01, Canno/AG_02, and Canno/AG_03). First, the release behavior of silicon ions, calcium ions, and phosphorus ions was investigated during the material preparation process, and Transwell was used for cabin culture, so that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) did not directly contact the materials. Besides, the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation genes in different culture sites were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. There was an evaluation of the influences of increased AG content on trauma nursing and chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro. Finally, bone marrow blood mononuclear cells (BMWM) combined with Canno/AG materials were used for clinical research on skull repair. In the experiment, the ion dissolution levels of different prepared materials were different, but they had little effect on the proliferation of BMSCs. Canno/AG_02 with the highest level of silicon ion dissolution had good osteogenic differentiation ability, and RT-PCR proved that contact culture could markedly promote the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs cells based on the prepared fiber morphology and cell contact effect. Moreover, Canno/AG_02 could be used as the wound dressing for skull fracture to achieve the nursing and rehabilitation effect of wound closure and promoting angiogenesis, and BMWM loaded with Canno/AG_02 could accelerate the tissue healing speed of patients with damaged skull defect.