Abstract
Solvent front position extraction procedure was used to prepare biological samples containing selected antihypertensive drugs (ramipril, lercanidipine, indapamide, valsartan, hydrochlorothiazide, perindopril, and nebivolol). Substances separated from the biological matrix components (bovine serum albumin) were quantified by means of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation process was performed with the use of a prototype horizontal chamber with a moving pipette driven by a 3D printer mechanism enabling a controlled eluent flow velocity. Application of this device was advantageous for simultaneous preparation of several samples for further quantitative analysis, with a synchronized reduction of manual operations and solvent consumption. Quantitative results obtained for the majority of the investigated antihypertensive drugs in a complex biological matrix were satisfactory. The values of the %RSD were around 5% for six of the seven substances (with the exception of indapamide). The method exhibits a suitable accuracy (the relative error percentage was below 10% for most drugs). The values of LOD and LOQ were in the range of 1.19 µg/L–8.53 µg/L and 3.61 µg/L–25.8 µg/L, respectively.
Highlights
Isolation of drugs and/or their metabolites from the biological matrix is a real challenge for the analyst
According to the Solvent front position extraction (SFPE) procedure postulate, the substance and the standard internal zones on the chromatographic plate should migrate to the distance which allows the coefficient nRf value equal to at least 0.99 [17,21] to be obtained
Preliminary research was performed to find a chromatographic system that fulfills this postulate. To reach this requirement, the number of chromatogram developments must be determined before applying the SFPE procedure of sample preparation
Summary
Isolation of drugs and/or their metabolites from the biological matrix is a real challenge for the analyst. The primary step of sample preparation is to purify it and selectively isolate the target analytes from other biological matrix components. The latter process is the basic step for further quantification of the investigated analytes by means of the HPLC, MS, and LC–MS techniques [1,2]. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death [3,4] among patients nowadays. Treatment of CV diseases requires application of combinations of drugs with different pharmacological activities and different mechanisms of action. Hypertensives have two mechanisms of action: they inhibit or reduce the vascular wall contraction, they can reduce body fluid volumes (including blood)
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