Abstract
Amine-functionalized titanium dioxide/carbon (TiO2/C) was prepared via the arc discharge method using graphite electrodes and a liquid medium consisting of 50% ethanol with the addition of urea. The arc discharge was conducted using a voltage of 20 to 40 V. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of prepared TiO2/C showed a pattern of definitive peaks at 25.32°, 26.61°, and 36.14°, which are the main characteristic peaks of TiO2, C graphite, and titanium carbide, respectively. The successful surface modification of TiO2/C synthesized in liquid ethanol/urea resulted in better dispersion of nanoparticles in water than TiO2/C synthesized in ethanol only. This surface characteristic was also confirmed via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of TiO2/C synthesized in liquid ethanol/urea, which revealed C=O, C–N, C–O, and N–H stretching vibrations at 1600–1700, 1400–1100, 1200–1300, and 3300–3400 cm−1, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the nanocomposite had a spherical morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis found that the structure of the nanocomposite was carbon coated with TiO2.
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