Preparation of Absorption-Resistant Hard Tissue Using Dental Pulp-Derived Cells and Honeycomb Tricalcium Phosphate.

Kiyofumi Takabatake,Yasunori Inada,Shigeko Fushimi,Hitoshi Nagatsuka,Shintaro Sukegawa,Hotaka Kawai,Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa,Shan Qiusheng,Keisuke Nakano

doi:10.3390/ma14123409

Abstract

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the treatment of bone defects using undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo. Recently, dental pulp has been proposed as a promising source of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be used in various clinical applications. Dentin is the hard tissue that makes up teeth, and has the same composition and strength as bone. However, unlike bone, dentin is usually not remodeled under physiological conditions. Here, we generated odontoblast-like cells from mouse dental pulp stem cells and combined them with honeycomb tricalcium phosphate (TCP) with a 300 μm hole to create bone-like tissue under the skin of mice. The bone-like hard tissue produced in this study was different from bone tissue, i.e., was not resorbed by osteoclasts and was less easily absorbed than the bone tissue. It has been suggested that hard tissue-forming cells induced from dental pulp do not have the ability to induce osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, the newly created bone-like hard tissue has high potential for absorption-resistant hard tissue repair and regeneration procedures.

Highlights

Autologous bone grafts and artificial biomaterials are currently used to treat bone defects in the head and neck area due to trauma, tumors, or surgical interventions
Much research has focused on the development of artificial biomaterials, and some are already widely used in clinical applications, including biocompatible ceramic biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (TCP)
In the tissues from the experimental group, the formation of bone-like hard tissue was observed in the honeycomb TCP scaffold

Summary

Introduction

Autologous bone grafts and artificial biomaterials are currently used to treat bone defects in the head and neck area due to trauma, tumors, or surgical interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells are often used as stem cell elements, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is widely used as a growth factor. Much research has focused on the development of artificial biomaterials, and some are already widely used in clinical applications, including biocompatible ceramic biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The optimal geometry of artificial biomaterials is thought to be important for inducing cell differentiation and tissue formation [1,2,3]. Attention has been focused on the treatment of bone defects using undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells in vivo

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