Abstract
Furfural and furfuryl alcohol originating from agriculture were used as crosslinkers to develop a renewable starch-furanic adhesive with good water resistance. Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance measurements indicated that furfural and furfuryl alcohol reacted with starch under acidic conditions and that the –CH 2 –O– groups were involved in the cross-linking of the starch-furfural-furfuryl alcohol adhesive (SFF). The gel time of SFF was longer than that of the starch-furfural adhesive (SF), while the dry shear strength of the SFF-bonded plywood suggested that the cured SFF adhesive acquired a performance better than that of starch (S) and SF adhesives. Moreover, the water resistance of the SFF adhesive cross-linked with 9% epoxy resin was further enhanced with respect to that of the S, SF, and commercial phenol formaldehyde adhesives.
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