Abstract
An open-tubular capillary electrochromatography column was prepared by chemically immobilized β-cyclodextrin modified gold nanoparticles onto new surface with the prederivatization of (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane. The synthesized nanoparticles and the prepared column were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. When the column was employed as the chiral stationary phase, no enantioselectivity was observed for ten model basic drugs. So β-cyclodextrin was added to the background electrolyte as chiral additive to expect a possible synergistic effect occurring and resulting in a better separation. Fortunately, significant improvement in enantioselectivity was obtained for ten pairs of drug enantiomers. Then, the effects of β-cyclodextrin concentration and background electrolyte pH on the chiral separation were investigated. With the developed separation mode, all the enantiomers (except for venlafaxine) were baseline separated in resolutions of 4.49, 1.68, 1.88, 1.57, 2.52, 2.33, 3.24, 1.63 and 3.90 for zopiclone, chlorphenamine maleate, brompheniramine maleate, dioxopromethazine hydrochloride, carvedilol, homatropine hydrobromide, homatropine methylbromide, venlafaxine, sibutramine hydrochloride and terbutaline sulfate, respectively. Further, the possible separation mechanism involved was discussed.
Highlights
The development of chiral separation methods increased vastly during the past decades for the fact that enantiomers have different biological, physiological and pharmacological behaviors on human body
The separation conditions of the 10 drug enantiomers, zopiclone, chlorphenamine maleate, brompheniramine maleate, dioxopromethazine hydrochloride, carvedilol, homatropine hydrobromide, homatropine methylbromide, venlafaxine, sibutramine hydrochloride and terbutaline sulfate were optimized on the OT-capillary electrochromatography (CEC) column
It was clear that there was a synergistic effect between β-CD in background electrolyte (BGE) and on the OT-CEC column for the enantioseparation
Summary
The development of chiral separation methods increased vastly during the past decades for the fact that enantiomers have different biological, physiological and pharmacological behaviors on human body. In order to separate racemic mixtures, various analytical methods have been developed for chiral separation including HPLC [4,5], GC [6,7] and CE [8,9,10]. January 15, 2016 β-CD-GNPs Modified Column and Its Application on Enantioseparation stationary phase, emerged as a fairly novel enantiomeric separation technique [11,12]. CEC experiments can be performed with particle packed capillaries, monolithic capillary columns, and open-tubular capillaries (OT-CEC) [13]. In the case of OT-CEC, the chiral selector is coated onto the inner wall of the capillary as stationary phase. Its evident disadvantage is the low separation capability that arises from the low phase ratio on the limited surface area [14,15,16,17]
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