Abstract
Three-dimensional hierarchical Co3O4 microspheres assembled by well-aligned 1D porous nanorods have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods with the help of CTAB and subsequent heat treatment. The morphology and compositional characteristics of the hierarchical Co3O4 microspheres have been investigated using different techniques. Based on the SEM and TEM analyses, the growth direction of the nanorods is in the [110] direction. The hierarchical Co3O4 microspheres have a comparatively large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of about 50.2 m2g−1, and pore size distribution is mainly concentrated at 12 nm. On the basis of the time tracking experiment, a possible growth mechanism has been proposed. It demonstrates that the overall mechanism includes nucleation, oriented growth and self-assembly processes. These hierarchical Co3O4 microspheres provide several favorable features for Li-ion battery applications: (1) large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, (2) porous structure, and (3) hierarchical structure. Therefore, measurement of the electrochemical properties indicates that the specific capacity can maintain a stable value of about 1942 mA h g−1 at a current of 100 mA g−1 within 100 cycles.
Highlights
Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Co3O4 microspheres assembled by 1D porous nanorods were synthesized by a heat treatment of Co-precursors at 300 C for 60 min
Typical morphology of the precursors was shown in Fig. S2.† They showed that the precursors were consisted of high purity 3D microspheres with an average size of about 4 mm, which were built by uniform one-dimensional (1D) nanorods (Fig. S2a†)
We have developed a simple CTAB-assistant strategy to construct three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Co precursor microspheres assembled by 1D nanorods
Summary
Driven by the wide application of portable electronic devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been attracting considerable interest in energy storage due to their high storage capacities and excellent rate performance.[1,2,3,4] Recently, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to developing high speci c capacity and excellent cycle reversibility anode materials for the generation high-performance rechargeable LIBs.[5,6,7,8] Transition metal oxides (TMOs) possessing high theoretical capacity and fast electrochemical redox reaction, have been widely used as electrode materials for LIBs.[9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17] With a theoretical capacity of 890 mA h gÀ1 and low cost, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) has been considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for LIBs.[18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] due to large volume variation during (de) lithiation, which lead to active material pulverization and electrode disintegration, this exhibits very the poor cycling performance.
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