Preparation for, and conduct of, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) qualification tests

Abstract

By the nature of electromagnetic interference (EMI), EMC testing is complex, and the test results may be impacted by many variables, including operation of the test item during test, and details of the test setup. To minimize the potential variability of test results, EMC specifications include testing standards that provide comprehensive detail, including requirements for the test facility, the test equipment and its operation, selection of test modes, and the equipment layout. The layout requirements specify positioning of the test item and test sensors, layout and dress of power and interface cables, and guidance on the treatment of any support equipment. For purposes of quoting and preparation for testing, the EMC test facility requires the customer to provide a detail description of the test item including its size, power requirements, operating modes, monitoring means, and pass/fail criteria. When the specified procedures are adhered-to, the tests will be a valid EMC evaluation, and good repeatability can be expected- facility to facility. To assure a smooth test operation, initial planning for EMC tests should begin early in the development program- ideally when the requirements for the hardware, its software, and support equipment, are first being mapped-out. A well-planned and well-run test will minimize unnecessary testing, and will assure valid test results the first time around. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance in the preparation for, and conduct of, EMC tests.