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Abstract
Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 (PST) ceramics with high quality were successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction technique with the designed double crucible configuration. The pure cubic perovskite phase with the ordering degree of 0.55 was detected. Scanning electron microscopy analysis displayed that PST ceramics present dense structure with the grain size of 2–3 µm. The nearly stoichiometric element ratio and uniformly elemental distribution were observed by using an energy dispersive spectrometer and mapping. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant implied that strong frequency dispersion with the diffuseness exponent of 1.54 was found in PST, suggesting the nature of relaxation. The dielectric maximum and the temperature at dielectric maximum were 7300 and −19.99 °C, respectively. The analysis of the inverse of dielectric permittivity indicated that polar nanoregions (PNRs) began to appear, grow, and interact with decreasing temperature below 193.3 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns at various temperatures suggested that the phase structure and the B-site ordering degree hardly change from −100 to 350 °C. Moreover, B-site ions arrangement with various ordering degrees regulated the formation of nanodomains or macrodomains configuration by affecting the correlated motion of Pb ions. The disordered B-site ions’ arrangement breaks long-range correlations of Pb ions and leads to the formation of PNRs.
Highlights
Relaxor ferroelectrics (FEs) have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary piezoelectric and frequencydependent dielectric properties, which make them potential candidates for technological applications such as multilayer capacitors, actuators, sensors, tunable filters, and infrared detectors.1–4 Despite having potential for these applications, relaxors are still puzzling materials due to their inhomogeneous nature on the mesoscopic scale.5,6 ofPb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 (PST) lead-containing complex is well known as a relaxor ferroelectrics perovskite Pb(B31+/2B51+/2)O3.7–11 In disordered PST, Sc3+ and Ta5+ ions are randomly distributed on theB-sites of the perovskite lattice
For a certainly disordered PST ceramics characterized by relaxor ferroelectric, a nonpolar paraelectric (PE) phase was found at high temperatures above the Burns temperature TB
X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns at different temperatures were discussed in detail
Summary
Relaxor ferroelectrics (FEs) have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary piezoelectric and frequencydependent dielectric properties, which make them potential candidates for technological applications such as multilayer capacitors, actuators, sensors, tunable filters, and infrared detectors. Despite having potential for these applications, relaxors are still puzzling materials due to their inhomogeneous nature on the mesoscopic scale. of. Few studies have been focused on the variation in structure ordering degree during PNRs evolution with decreasing temperature. In order to reduce the sintering temperature, much efforts were made on preparing PST powders. A sintered density of 93.1% was obtained.8 Another is the precipitationlike method, which was employed to fabricate PST nanocrystalline powders. The sintering temperature was effectively reduced through the improved preparation method, a common problem in the synthesis of PST is the production of an undesirable pyrochlore phase, which impairs the dielectric properties of the perovskite ceramics. It is a meaningful work to prepare pure phase PST ceramics with nearly zero lead loss, especially using a and convincedly traditional solid reaction technique. Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 ceramics with pure phase were prepared by using the designed double crucible configuration in the high-temperature sintering process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns at different temperatures were discussed in detail
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