Abstract
The dry root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has traditionally been applied in the treatment of cerebral ischemia in Chinese clinics. Baicalin (BA) is considered the key ingredient in it for the brain protection effects. The bioavailability of BA is very low because of its poor lipid and water solubility, which limits the therapeutic effects and clinical application. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel BA-loaded liposome (BA-LP) formulation to improve the drug lipophilicity and further to enhance the drug-concentration in the brain tissues. This study is also designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of BA in the pathological conditions of stroke and evaluate the pharmacokinetic differences of BA caused by stroke after intravenous administration with BA and BA-LP. In this study, the novel BA-LP prepared in early stage were characterized by morphology, size, zeta potential, encapsulation rate and the in vitro release. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of BA and BA-LP were investigated by intravenous administration in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and normal group respectively. BA-LP had a mean particle size of 160–190 nm, zeta potential of −5.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 42 ± 1%. The BA-LP showed a sustained-release behavior, the in vitro drug-release kinetic model of BA-LP fit well with the biphasic dynamic model equation: Q = 1 − (60.12e0.56t − 59.08e0.0014t). Pharmacokinetic behavior in MCAO rats is not consistent with that of normal rats. The middle cerebral artery occlusion rats got higher Cmax and AUC0–t, which were about 1.5–2 times to normal rats both in BA and liposome groups. In addition, it got especially higher distribution in brain, while BA were not detected in brain tissues on normal rats. The Cmax and AUC0–t values were significantly greater with liposome than BA on both normal and MCAO rats. The tissue distribution behavior was significantly altered in the case of liposome administrated in comparison with BA, which the concentrations in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and brain were all increased after administrated liposome, but decreased in kidneys. The TI values showed that the target of liposome was improved especially to heart, spleen and brain, and the brain’s target was higher in striatum and cerebellum. In conclusion, BA-LP might be a potential drug delivery system to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BA. In addition, these results also suggest that the pathological damages of ischemia-reperfusion have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetic traits of BA.
Highlights
In China, the dry root of Scutellaria baicalensis has been widely used as a traditional medicine for treating various diseases
BA-loaded liposome (BA-LP) might be a potential drug delivery system to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BA
The results indicated that the concentrations of BA in the heart, liver spleen and lungs were all greatly increased after administrated BA-LP compared with BA, but decreased in kidneys
Summary
In China, the dry root of Scutellaria baicalensis has been widely used as a traditional medicine for treating various diseases. The recent studies indicated that it has protective effects against cerebral ischemia [1,2]. Baicalin (BA) is the main constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis [3]. The previous studies demonstrated that BA has a variety of biological activities, such as curing bacterial meningitis, and infectious brain edema [4,5], it has the anti-tumor effect [6]. Some studies indicated that, BA had specific radical scavenging activity and protective effects, which can protect the brain from ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats [7,8,9,10,11]
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