Abstract
Dopants strongly affect properties and optical behaviors of quantum dots, therefore doped-QDs considered as a novel class of luminescent materials. Following development doping approach and using Pd2+ ions as a dopant, for the first time, in this study, a facile preparation of Pd-doped CdTe QDs was reported with thioglycolic acid as a stabilizer. The essential parameters of the synthesis conditions such as dopant concentration, reaction time and optical properties of the Pd: CdTe QDs was studied. The Pd: CdTe QDs with excellent photostability and biocompatibility, exhibited a greenish emission at 529 nm. Interestingly, these nanoparticles display high fluorescence sensitivity to diazinon (DZN). Under optimal conditions, a proposed sensor was designed based on Pd: CdTe QDs which represented a wide range of linear response (2.3–100 µM), low detection limit [3.3 nM, (S/N = 3)], high stability, and selectivity. Additionally, the newly sensing nanoprobe was used for the determination of DZN in environmental water samples with satisfactory results.
Highlights
Quantum dots (QDs) have been investigated during in the past few decades because of unique optical properties such as broad and strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield, narrow and symmetric emission with tunable colors [1,2,3,4]
To investigate the reaction time, the QDs were synthesized at different reaction time (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min) and different-colored and quantum yield (QY) (~ 2%, 13%, 23%, 28%, 22% and 20%) was obtained for Pd: CdTe QDs (Fig. 2a)
Along with passing the time, the red-shifts were observed in the emission and absorbance nanoparticle spectrum (Fig. 2b). This phenomenon is due to the quantum confinement effects that show the optical property of QDs is correlated with particle size [47, 48]
Summary
Quantum dots (QDs) have been investigated during in the past few decades because of unique optical properties such as broad and strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield, narrow and symmetric emission with tunable colors [1,2,3,4]. These features make them an excellent candidate in diverse applications including solar cells, biosensors, and bioimaging probes [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Considering aspects of favorable environmental effects of palladium, the properties of quantum dots can be improved by doped palladium ions and they can be used in various fields such as sensors and catalysts
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