Abstract
The objective of the present work was to improve the antioxidant activity and water solubility of chitosan by grafting with ferulic acid through a carbodiimide-mediated coupling reaction. UV–vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, 1H NMR and ninhydrin assay confirmed the grafting of ferulic acid onto chitosan at the C-2 position. Ferulic acid grafted chitosan – prepared using a mole ratio of chitosan to ferulic acid of 1:1, reaction temperature of 60°C, and reaction time of 3h – possessed the highest ferulic acid substitution degree, i.e. 0.37. Although ferulic acid grafted chitosan showed reduced crystallinity (∼10%) and decreased decomposition temperature (∼55°C) as compared to chitosan, it exhibited greater radical scavenging activity (∼55%) and was soluble in water (up to 1.3mg/mL). The improved antioxidant property and water solubility of this chitosan derivative could open a wide range of applications, particularly its use as an antioxidant in food, food packaging, biomedical, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
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