Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza has exhibited various bioactive functions due to the existence of polysaccharides, hydrophilic phenolic acids, diterpenoid quinones, and essential oils. However, little research has reported the glycoprotein preparation and corresponding bioactivities. In this study, the water-soluble glycoprotein from S. miltiorrhiza roots was firstly isolated with the extraction process optimized by response surface methodology, and then, the preliminary structural properties, and the antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities were investigated. Results showed that the extraction conditions for higher extraction yields were identified as follows: ultrasonic power of 220 W, ultrasonic time of 2.0 h, extraction temperature of 60 °C, liquid/solid ratio of 20 mL/g, and the glycoprotein yields of 1.63 ± 0.04%. Structural analysis showed that the glycoprotein comprised protein and polysaccharide (contents of 76.96% and 20.62%, respectively), with an average molecular weight of 1.55 × 105 Da. Besides, bioactivities analysis showed that the glycoprotein presented strong scavenging effects on multiple free radicals, and effectively enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities and immunological indicators in cyclophosphamide-induced immunocompromised mice dose-dependently. These data demonstrated that S. miltiorrhiza glycoprotein presented the potential to be a novel edible functional compound, and could be practically applied in the food industry.
Highlights
Salvia miltiorrhiza has been used for treating cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases through promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in vivo [1,2]
In this study, the S. miltiorrhiza glycoprotein (SMGP) was prepared under ultrasonic extraction, and the extraction conditions were optimized by Response surface methodology (RSM), which would be of benefit to its efficient utilization and use in industrial production
S. miltiorrhiza was usually used as the main component of medicinal liquor in China, and the ingredients prepared by traditional methods might present great differences with the bioactive substances dissolved in medicinal liquor [14]
Summary
Salvia miltiorrhiza (named Danshen in Chinese) has been used for treating cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases through promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in vivo [1,2]. As reported, distilled water is generally used for protein and polysaccharide extraction from multiple raw materials, and various auxiliary conditions, including ultrasonic wave and high temperature, are commonly used for improving the extraction efficiency, and various bioactive compounds prepared under different technologies always present varying degrees of activities [6–8]. In this study, the S. miltiorrhiza glycoprotein (SMGP) was prepared under ultrasonic extraction, and the extraction conditions 4.0/). The traditional extraction method for water-soluble bioactive compounds is generally water extraction, and alcohol solution is employed for the precipitation [13]. S. miltiorrhiza was usually used as the main component of medicinal liquor (ethanol volume fraction of 50~60%) in China, and the ingredients prepared by traditional methods might present great differences with the bioactive substances dissolved in medicinal liquor [14]. The bioactive glycoprotein from S. miltiorrhiza 60% was extracted using ethyl alcohol solution as the solvent in this study, aiming to provide a data foundation for the further application of medicinal liquor containing S. miltiorrhiza
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