Abstract
A cation-exchange resin was synthesized by esterification of cellulose fibers, with α-hydroxy polycarboxylic acids (citric acid (CA), malic acid, or tartaric acid) in presence of sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as an esterification catalyst, followed by curing at high temperature. Factors affecting the reaction such as CA concentration, CA/SHP molar ratio, curing conditions (temperature and time), type of polycarboxylic acid, and type of cellulose substrate were studied. Reaction conditions were selected to prepare cation-exchange resins (cotton/CA), (jute/CA), (viscose /CA) having a carboxyl content of 132, 114, 112 meq/100 g, respectively. Potentiometric titration of the treated substrates reveals that they are weak cation exchangers having strength values (pK a) of 5.6, 6.3, and 5.8 for cotton, viscose, and jute, respectively. Factors affecting the adsorption of some textile industry pollutants such as a basic dye or cupric cations by the prepared cation exchangers were investigated. The removal percent of these pollutants remarkably increases by increasing the pH (up to 10 in case of the dye and up to 6.7 in case of cupric ions after which precipitation of cupric hydroxide takes place).
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