Abstract
Porous titanium is a functional structural material with certain porosity, which is prepared from titanium powder and titanium fiber. In order to study the porosity, phase structure, microstructure, sintering mechanism and mechanical properties of porous titanium obtained by spark plasma sintering of a Ti powder–fiber mixture at different sintering temperatures, a spherical titanium powder (D50 of 160 μm) was prepared via plasma rotating electrode processing, and titanium fiber (average wire diameter of fiber of 110 μm) was prepared by drawing, and they were mixed as raw materials according to different mass ratios. Porous titanium with a fiber–powder composite porous structure was prepared by spark plasma sintering at sintering temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C under a sintering pressure of 20 MPa. The results showed that there were no new phases occurring in porous titanium with porosity of 1.24–24.6% after sintering. Titanium fiber and titanium powder were sintered using powder/powder, powder/fiber and fiber/fiber regimes to form composite pore structures. The mass transfer mechanism of the sintered neck was a diffusion-dominated material migration mechanism during sintering. At higher sintering temperatures, the grain size was larger, and the fiber (800 °C; 10–20 μm) was finer than the powder (800 °C; 10–92 μm). The stress–strain curve of porous titanium showed no obvious yield point, and the compressive strength was higher at higher sintering temperatures. The results of this paper can provide data reference for the preparation of porous titanium obtained by spark plasma sintering of a Ti powder–fiber mixture.
Highlights
Porous titanium is a structural and functional integrated material with useful properties that are inherited from the physical and chemical properties of Ti, such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high specific strength and good biocompatibility, and specific functional properties that are imparted to the material due to its porous structure, including low density, large specific surface area, low weight and good permeability
It shows that the raw the raw materials and the samples sintered at different temperatures have a single-phase materials and and the samples sintered at are different temperatures have a hexagonal single-phase composition, andThe the composition, the main phases all typical close-packed α-hcp main phasespeaks are allare typical close-packed α-hcp
The phase formation indicates that the is formation indicates that the sample is free of oxides, nitrides and so on during the Spark plasma sintering (SPS) sample sintering free of oxides, nitrides so onto during the SPS sintering it is related to the detection process, it isand related the detection accuracyprocess, of the
Summary
Porous titanium is a structural and functional integrated material with useful properties that are inherited from the physical and chemical properties of Ti, such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high specific strength and good biocompatibility, and specific functional properties that are imparted to the material due to its porous structure, including low density, large specific surface area, low weight and good permeability. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a low-temperature, fast, environmentally sustainable powder sintering technology This technology integrates plasma activation, hot pressing and resistance heating, and directly connects the high-frequency pulse current between the pressurized powder particles. This technology depends upon heat from the plasma produced by spark discharge, which has the advantages of fast heating and cooling speeds, a low sintering temperature, short sintering time, fine and uniform grain size, controllable microstructure, and so on [9,10,11]. The effects of the sintering temperature and sintering pressure on the sintering behavior, microstructure evolution and compressive properties of fiber/powder were studied, providing a theoretical basis for studding composite porous titanium with interfacial and pore structure superposition effects
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