Abstract
A two-step method involving continuous screw-extrusion steam explosion (CSESE) pretreatment and esterification in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is used to prepare long-chain fatty acid-modified jute fiber. The weight gain percentage (WG %) of CSESE-pretreated jute laurate (JL) was 110.7% when esterification was carried out in scCO2 at 14 MPa and 100 °C for 2 h. The corresponding WG % was 105.5% when esterification was instead carried out in pyridine at 100 °C for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated that CSESE pretreatment enhanced the reactivity of jute fiber, with esterification in scCO2 simultaneously occurring on the fibers surface and internal walls. The glass transition temperature of esterified jute was approximately 119 °C, indicating that it could be hot processed over a wide temperature range. The esterified jute had an oil absorption ratio of 17.01 g/g, so it can be used as an oil absorption material.
Highlights
Cellulose is composed of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units, and is one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth
The spectrum of JSE has an absorption band at 2901 cm−1, and the spectrum of JSE laurate (JL) has two additional absorption bands at 2925 and 2852 cm−1, which collectively indicate the presence of long aliphatic chains
Compared to JSE, two new bands are observed in the spectrum of JL
Summary
Cellulose is composed of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units, and is one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth. Cellulose is an important raw material and has many uses, such as in textiles, papers, foods, cosmetics, and biomaterials [1,2]. Hydroxyl groups of cellulose form strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions form a resistant microfibril network that gives cellulose its natural strength and reactivity [3]. Cellulose has strong hydrogen bonding and a high degree of crystallinity, so it is neither meltable nor soluble in conventional organic solvents. Cellulose derivatives with tailored properties can be obtained by introducing different substituent groups
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