Abstract
Due to its great biomechanical property, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament has become one of the most promising allografts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, because of its chemical and biological inertness, PET is not a favored scaffold material for osteoblast growth, which promotes the ligament-bone healing. Meanwhile, in consideration of prevention of potential infection, the prophylactic injection of antibiotic was used as a post-operative standard procedure but also has the increasing risk of bacterial resistance. To face these two contradictions, in this article we coated a polydopamine (PDA) nano-layer on the PET ligament and used the coating as the adhesion interlayer to introduce nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and silver atoms to the surface of PET ligament. Because of the mild self-polymerization reaction of dopamine, the thermogravity analysis (TGA), Raman spectrum, and tensile test results show that the modification procedure have no negative effects on the chemical stability and mechanical properties of the PET. The results of NIH3T3 cell culture show that the PDA and nHA could effectively improve the biocompatibility of PET artificial ligament for fibroblast growth, and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial test results show that the Ag atom provided an antibacterial effect for PET ligament. As shown in this paper, the nano-PDA coating modification procedure could not only preserve the advantages of PET but also introduce new performance characteristics to PET, which opens the door for further functionalization of PET artificial ligament for its advanced development and application.
Highlights
The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a serious surgical injury, especially with the increasing participation of extreme exercise and high-intensity exercise in recent years (Monk et al, 2016)
Antibacterial PET Artificial Ligament polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bundle, with high mechanical strength, high chemical inertness, and no biological toxicity is commonly used as an artificial ligament in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR)
Similar to the color changes in literature (Zhang et al, 2016), PET artificial ligaments are transformed from white to gray black (Figure 1) after being modified by PDA, indicating that the PDA has been modified on the surface of the PET
Summary
The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a serious surgical injury, especially with the increasing participation of extreme exercise and high-intensity exercise in recent years (Monk et al, 2016). We modified nHA and silver atoms on the surface of PET artificial ligament through the PDA layer without damaging the mechanical properties of PET.
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