Preparation and physical‐biological characterization on titanium doped fluorophosphate nanobioglass: Bone implants

Abstract

AbstractIn bone tissue repair, metallic implants like screws, pins, plates, stents are considered as boon for patients but it has the disadvantage of being a foreign body and can never get absorbed or get converted to bone. These metallic implants serve the purpose often temporarily, but it fails to attain the mechanical, elastic properties near to that of the normal human bones. To circumvent these drawbacks, the preparation of nanobioglasses having titanium and different proportions of fluoride using melt quenching method is reported. The physical, thermal, and elastic properties of the materials were characterized by their densities, thermal transitions, and elastic moduli by ultrasonic study. The in vitro degradation and bioactivity of these nanobioglasses were assessed by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). The hydroxyapatite(HAp) formation was assessed by the variation in pH over 21 days and its presence was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS. Human osteo sarcoma MG‐63(ATCC‐1427), SAOS‐2(ATCC‐85), and gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS)(ATCC‐1739) cell lines were used to evaluate cytotoxicity of the bioglasses by MTT assay. The biological efficiency of titanium doped fluorophosphate enhancing bone formation was assessed by the capacity of the ionic dissolution products of the bioglasses to enhance the osteocalcin and ALP activity. The phosphate‐based titanium nanobioglasses doped with fluoride possesses elastic strength nearer to the normal human bone, higher bone bonding ability and the rate of biodegradation equaling the rate of bone formation than the commercially available bioglass.