Abstract
Cs0.33WO3 nanoparticles have been prepared successfully by a stirred bead milling process. By grinding micro-sized coarse powder with grinding beads of 50 μm in diameter, the mean hydrodynamic diameter of Cs0.33WO3 powder could be reduced to about 50 nm in 3 h, and a stable aqueous dispersion could be obtained at pH 8 via electrostatic repulsion mechanism. After grinding, the resulting Cs0.33WO3 nanoparticles retained the hexagonal structure and had no significant contaminants from grinding beads. Furthermore, they exhibited a strong characteristic absorption and an excellent photothermal conversion property in the near-infrared (NIR) region, owing to the free electrons or polarons. Also, the NIR absorption and photothermal conversion property became more significant with decreasing particle size or increasing particle concentration. When the concentration of Cs0.33WO3 nanoparticles was 0.08 wt.%, the solution temperature had a significant increase of above 30°C in 10 min under NIR irradiation (808 nm, 2.47 W/cm2). In addition, they had a photothermal conversion efficiency of about 73% and possessed excellent photothermal stability. Such an effective NIR absorption and photothermal conversion nanomaterial not only was useful in the NIR shielding, but also might find great potential in biomedical application.
Highlights
Plasmonic nanomaterials could exhibit special absorption via the excitation of surface plasmon [1,2,3], and the maximum absorption band was highly sensitive to the particle’s size [4,5], shape [6], local environment [7], and the coupling between near nanoparticles [8]
Cesium tungsten oxide (Cs0.33WO3) coarse powder with a primary particle size of about 1 to 2 μm were obtained from the Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan (ITRI)
In this work, the bead milling of Cs0.33WO3 coarse powder was performed in aqueous solution in the absence of extra stabilizers
Summary
Plasmonic nanomaterials could exhibit special absorption via the excitation of surface plasmon [1,2,3], and the maximum absorption band was highly sensitive to the particle’s size [4,5], shape [6], local environment [7], and the coupling between near nanoparticles [8]. Under optical illumination, they could convert the absorbed photon energy into heat energy in approximately 1 ps and transfer the heat to the surrounding media in tens of picoseconds [2,3,4,9] Such an efficient light-to-heat conversion property made them become useful as nanoheaters and gain more and more attention in the past decade [1,9]. Because of the strong absorption in the NIR region, owing to the free electrons or polars, they might be efficient as a photosensitizer in NIR photothermal therapy Their utilization in heating the reaction media or photothermal therapy via NIR photothermal conversion has not been reported
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