Abstract
As a new functional material, biochar was usually prepared from biomass and solid wastes such as agricultural and forestry waste, sludge, livestock, and poultry manure. The wide application of biochar is due to its abilities to remove pollutants, remediate contaminated soil, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the influence of preparation methods, process parameters, and modification methods on the physicochemical properties of biochar were discussed, as well as the mechanisms of biochar in the remediation of soil pollution. The biochar applications in soil remediation in the past years were summarized, such as the removal of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and the improvement of soil quality. Finally, the potential risks of biochar application and the future research directions were analyzed.
Highlights
With the development of industry and high-intensity human activities in China, soil pollution is becoming more and more serious, mainly due to the reduction of soil area and pollution by chemical compounds such as pesticides, petroleum, heavy metals, persistent organic matter, and acidic substances [1].Pollutants in soil mainly include heavy metals and organic compounds, such as Cd, Pb, Cr, pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), etc. [2,3]
Before summarizing the application of biochar in soil remediation, this paper summarized the preparation and modification methods of biochar and analyzed the influence of different processes on the physicochemical properties of biochar to deepen the understanding of biochar
The preparation methods of biochar are mainly divided into pyrolysis [12], hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) [13], and microwave carbonization [14]
Summary
With the development of industry and high-intensity human activities in China, soil pollution is becoming more and more serious, mainly due to the reduction of soil area and pollution by chemical compounds such as pesticides, petroleum, heavy metals, persistent organic matter, and acidic substances [1]. Pollutants in soil mainly include heavy metals and organic compounds, such as Cd, Pb, Cr, pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), etc. Chemical remediation technologies mainly include immobilization-stabilization techniques, redox, chemical modification, surfactant cleaning, and organic matter improvement [6,7], but the chemicals used may cause secondary pollution to the environment. The potential risks of biochar were analyzed to effectively avoid the possible harm to the environment
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