Preparation and mechanism of biomass-derived graphene-like Li+/Na+ battery anodes controlled by N/O functional groups and interlayer spacing

Abstract

The universal electrode material can be applied to the traditional Li-ion battery of the emerging alkaline ion battery at the same time, providing a new idea for the development of energy storage systems (EESs). In this study, a porous graphene-like biomass carbon material anode was prepared by chemical blowing strategy and KOH activation method. As the anode of both Li/Na ion batteries, it has excellent cycle stability and extremely high-rate cycle performance. Under the charge-discharge rate of 0.2c, the reversible capacity of Li-ion battery assembled by anode material was 953.2 mA g −1 , and that of Na-ion battery was 378.2 mA g −1 . Under the condition of 10c, the reversible capacity was 352.6 mA g −1 and 127.6 mA g −1 . Its excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to its wide interlayer spacing, rich pore structure and N/O double doping, and its pseudocapacitance mechanism is conducive to the diffusion of alkaline ions. First-principles calculations further show that its doped structure is beneficial to promote ion adsorption and improve the conductivity of the material. This work has promoted the development of sustainable energy storage materials and provided new ideas for the development of carbon-based anode materials. The porous graphene-like biomass carbon material anode was prepared by chemical blowing strategy and KOH activation method. Combining the effect of interlayer spacing regulation and doped N/O functional group, this carbon-based material has displayed excellent electrochemical performance. When used as anode for lithium-ion batteries, the reversible capacity was 953.2 mA g −1 under 0.2c, and that of Na-ion battery was 378.2 mA g −1 . Under 10c, the reversible capacities of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries were 352.6 mA g −1 and 127.6 mA g −1 . First-principles calculations show that the doped structure is beneficial to promote ion adsorption and improve the conductivity of the material. • Under 0.2c, the reversible capacity of Li-ion battery assembled by anode material was 953.2 mA g −1 , and that of Na-ion battery was 378.2 mA g −1 . • Under 10 c, the reversible capacities of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries were 352.6 mA g −1 and 127.6 mA g −1 . • First-principles calculations show that the doped structure is beneficial to promote ion adsorption and improve the conductivity of the material.